Here are the different types:
- Club Soda: carbonated water with sodium
- Seltzer: carbonated water without sodium
- Tonic Water: contains calories from sugar/sweeteners
- Flavored Sparkling Water: often contains additives including sweeteners, caffeine, citric acid, calories, vitamins, and minerals
- Soda Stream: unless you add to it, this is strictly carbonated water choice
Here is what evidence based follow ups suggest:
1. Calcium loss in bones. Sodas are linked with lower bone mineral density, which might come from the phosphoric acid (phosphorus is important in building strong bones) and caffeine. Caffeine is known to interfere with absorption of calcium. Plain carbonated water lacks both caffeine and phosphorus! Yay to not losing more calcium in bones!
2. Tooth Decay. Reading the label is important: Anything with SUGAR, or CITRIC ACID, or PHOSPHORIC ACID may lead to erosion of tooth enamel which will eventually lead to tooth decay. By taking slices of enamel and immersing them in different soft drinks for six, 24, and 48 hours, Poonam Jain at Souther Illinois University School of Dental Medicine demonstrated that enamel does begin to erode. However, if it's just plain carbonated water (no sugar, no citric acid, or phosphoric acid), through adding pressurized carbon dioxide to plain water, will NOT cause tooth decay. So read your labels!
3. Weight gain. My advice: read your labels! They are your friends! Sweeteners and fake sugars are a big no-no. Your body does not recognize these sugars and cannot break it down as easily so it stores it for later which leads to weight gain. So if you're drinking carbonated sparkling water, look for ones without extra sweeteners. Plain carbonated water should be fine! If you have soda stream, you can always add natural flavors like lemon or herbal tea to the mix instead of adding pre-packaged soda flavors!
4. Bloating & IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome). Club soda includes sodium into the mix. Too much of a good thing can be bad, as too much sodium can cause an increase in GI (gastro-intestinal) motility. Carbonation may cause bloating and gas which can lead to IBS.
5. Feeling of fullness. This can be good or bad. Registered dietitian Ruth Frenchman recommends that you should avoid carbonated water after a workout as you might not hydrate properly if you are feeling full already. On the other hand, if you are trying to eat less, maybe drinking carbonated water before meals might be okay so you feel full sooner, and may eat proper food portions.
